{"id":205,"date":"2026-02-21T15:23:22","date_gmt":"2026-02-21T13:23:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.twis7.com\/?page_id=205"},"modified":"2026-10-31T14:01:45","modified_gmt":"2026-10-31T12:01:45","slug":"linux","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blog.twis7.com\/index.php\/cheat-sheets\/linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Networking<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly># Find the IP address you use to communicate with the outside world.\n## IPv4 only\ncurl ip.twis7.com\n## Both IPv4 and IPv6. If you have IPv6, IPv4 will not be displayed.\ncurl https:\/\/ip.novoselski.eu\n\n# Check for listening ports\nsudo netstat -tulpn | grep LISTEN\n\n# Check outgoing connections\nsudo netstat -nputw\n\n# Netcat - Test for open port \/ tcp conection, when you do not have telnet\nnc -vz google.com 80\n\n# Firewall - When you forget the difference between statefull vs stateless firewall\nSecurity groups are stateful\u2014if you send a request from your instance, the response traffic for that request is allowed to flow in regardless of inbound security group rules.\n\n# hping a.k.a telnet used as ping\nsudo hping3 -S 192.168.141.120 -p 80\n\n#SSH via jumphost\n##different keys\nssh -i \/home\/dimitar\/.ssh\/key -J user@jumphost -i \/home\/dimitar\/.ssh\/key user@destination\n\n##same keys\nssh -i .ssh\/key -J user@jumphost user@destination\n\n## ubuntu flush dns\nsudo resolvectl flush-caches<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Find<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">the<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">IP<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">address<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">you<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">use<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">to<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">communicate<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">with<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">the<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">outside<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">world<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">## <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">IPv4<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">only<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">curl<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">ip<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">twis7<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">com<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">## <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Both<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">IPv4<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">and<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">IPv6<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">If<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">you<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">have<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">IPv6<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">IPv4<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">will<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">not<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">be<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">displayed<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">curl<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> https<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\">\/\/ip.novoselski.eu<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Check<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">listening<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">ports<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">netstat<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">tulpn<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">grep<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">LISTEN<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Check<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">outgoing<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">connections<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">netstat<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">nputw<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Netcat<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Test<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">open<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">port<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">tcp<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">conection<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">when<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">you<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">do<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">not<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">have<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">telnet<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">nc<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">vz<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">google<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">com<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">80<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Firewall<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">When<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">you<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">forget<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">the<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">difference<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">between<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">statefull<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">vs<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">stateless<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">firewall<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Security<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">groups<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">are<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">stateful<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">\u2014<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">you<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">send<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">request<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">your<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">instance<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">the<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">response<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">traffic<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">that<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">request<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">is<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">allowed<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">to<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">flow<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">regardless<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">of<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">inbound<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">security<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">group<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">rules<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">hping<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">k<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">telnet<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">used<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">as<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> ping<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">hping3<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">S<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">192.168<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">141.120<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">p<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">80<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">#<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">SSH<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">via<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">jumphost<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">##<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">different<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">keys<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">ssh<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">home<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">dimitar<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">ssh<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">J<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">user<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">@<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">jumphost<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">home<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">dimitar<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">ssh<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">user<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">@<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">destination<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">##<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">same<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">keys<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">ssh<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">ssh<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">J<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">user<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">@<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">jumphost<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">user<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">@<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">destination<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">## <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">ubuntu<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">flush<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">dns<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">resolvectl<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">flush<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">caches<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Troubleshooting<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly># check all services like ps aux\nservice --status-all\n\n# Processes using most CPU or RAM\nps -eo pid,comm,%cpu,%mem --sort=-%cpu | head -n 5\n\n# To see top 4 memory consuming process is\nps -eo pid,comm,%cpu,%mem --sort=-%mem | head -n 5\nWhere,\n\\-e : This flag is used to select all process\n\\-o : This flag is used to format as user-defined.\npid : This argument used for showing pid\ncomm: This argument used for showing command name only. To get full command use args, cmd or command\n%cpu: This argument shows the percentage of cpu utilization of the process in \"##.#\" format. Here pcpu can also be used.\n%mem: This argument shows the ratio of the process's resident set size to the physical memory on the machine, expressed as a percentage. Here pmem can also be used.\n\\--sort: Specify sorting order. After = the - sign is used to sort highest value at the top where the default option which is + is to list increasing numerical order \\&#91;i.e 0 to n\\&#93;.\n\n#List open file\nlsof \/var\/log\/syslog #-> check which proccess is using a file\nlsof -i TCP:22       #->  what process uses a particular TCP port\nlsof -p 890          #-> you need to know what files a particular process has open\n\n# See open files and executed scripts by PID\nsudo lsof -p 329953\n\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">check<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">all<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">services<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">like<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">ps<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">aux<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">service<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">--<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">status<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">all<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Processes<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">most<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> CPU or RAM<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">ps<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">eo<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">pid<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">comm<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">%<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">cpu<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">%<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">mem<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">--<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">sort<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=-%<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">cpu<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">head<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">5<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">To<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">see<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">top<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">memory<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">consuming<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">process<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">is<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">ps<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">eo<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">pid<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">comm<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">%<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">cpu<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">%<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">mem<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">--<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">sort<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=-%<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">mem<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">head<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">5<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Where<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">\\<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">e <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">This<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">flag<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">is<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">used<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">to<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">select<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">all<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">process<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">\\<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">o <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">This<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">flag<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">is<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">used<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">to<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">format<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">as<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> user<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">defined<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">pid <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">This<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">argument<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">used<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">showing<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">pid<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">comm<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">This<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">argument<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">used<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">showing<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">command<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">only<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">To<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">get<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">full<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">command<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">use<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">cmd<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">or<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">command<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">%<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">cpu<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">This<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">argument<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">shows<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">the<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">percentage<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">of<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">cpu<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">utilization<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">of<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">the<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">process<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">##.#<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">format<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Here<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">pcpu<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">can<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">also<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">be<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">used<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">%<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">mem<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">This<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">argument<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">shows<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">the<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">ratio<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">of<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">the<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">process<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">s resident set size to the physical memory on the machine, expressed as a percentage. Here pmem can also be used<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">\\<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">--<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">sort<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Specify<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">sorting<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">order<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">After<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">the<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">sign<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">is<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">used<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">to<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">sort<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">highest<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">value<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">at<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">the<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">top<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">where<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">the<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">default<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">option<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">which<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">is<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">is<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">to<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">list<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">increasing<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">numerical<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">order<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> \\&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">e<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">to<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">\\&#93;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">#<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">List<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">open<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">file<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">lsof<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/var<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">\/syslog #-&gt; check which proccess is using a file<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">lsof<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> TCP<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">22<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">       #<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">what<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">process<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">uses<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">particular<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">TCP<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">port<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">lsof<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">p<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">890<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">          #<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">you<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">need<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">to<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">know<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">what<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">files<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">particular<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">process<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">has<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">open<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">See<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">open<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">files<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">and<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">executed<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">scripts<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">by<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">PID<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">lsof<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">p<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">329953<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Working with Files<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly># find folder storage size. Change 1, with 2 or 3 for subfolders\nsudo du -hd 1 \/home\/dimitar\n\n# Live tail, show last 100 results\ntail -100f \/var\/log\/mylog.log\n\n# Searche for text inside files, recursively (it will check subfolders too)\ngrep -Hrn 'search term' path\/to\/files\n### you can use also\ngrep -Rnw '\/path\/' -e 'patern' \n\n# To parse all instances of the words error or failure in \/var\/log\/cfn or \/var\/log\/cloud-init files, run the following command:\ngrep -ni 'error|failure' $(sudo find \/var\/log -name cfn\\* -or -name cloud-init\\*)\nTo parse only in one file:\ngrep -ni 'error|failure' \/var\/log\/cfn-init.log\n\n# Find file only, recursively (it will check subfolders too)\nfind \/path\/to\/file -name \"DetailsMessage.php\"\n\n# Delete folder content including hidden files\nsudo rm -rf FolderName\/.\\&#91;^.\\&#93;\\* \n\n# Copy files including hidden ones (with dot). Don't specify the files, (Note that \/home\/FolderToPaste must not exist already, or else it will create \/home\/FolderToCopy inside it \ncp -r \/home\/FolderToCopy \/home\/FolderToPate\n\n# find full path of a file. Usefull when want to copy\/paste file path inside terminal\nrealpath file.txt  # output \/home\/dimitar\/downloads\/file.txt\nor\nreadlink -f file.txt # same as realpath\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">find<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">folder<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">storage<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">size<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Change<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">with<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">or<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">subfolders<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">du<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">hd<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">home<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">dimitar<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Live<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">tail<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">show<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">last<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">100<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">results<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">tail<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">100<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">f<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/var<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">\/mylog.log<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Searche<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">inside<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">files<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">recursively<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">it<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">will<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">check<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">subfolders<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">too<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">grep<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Hrn<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">search term<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">path<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">to<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">files<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">### <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">you<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">can<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">use<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">also<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">grep<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Rnw<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">\/path\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">e<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">patern<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">To<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">parse<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">all<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">instances<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">of<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">the<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">words<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">error<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">or<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">failure<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/var<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">\/cfn or \/var\/log\/cloud-init files<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">run<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> the following command<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">grep -ni <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">error|failure<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> $(sudo find \/var\/log -name cfn\\* -or -name cloud-init\\*)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">To parse only in one file<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">grep -ni <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">error|failure<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> \/var\/log\/cfn-init<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">log<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># Find file only<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">recursively<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> (it will check subfolders too)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">find<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">path<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">to<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">file<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">DetailsMessage.php<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Delete<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">folder<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">content<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">including<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">hidden<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">files<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">rm<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">rf<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">FolderName<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">\\&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">^<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">\\&#93;\\<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Copy<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">files<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">including<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">hidden<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">ones<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">with<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">dot<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Don<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">t specify the files, (Note that \/home\/FolderToPaste must not exist already, or else it will create \/home\/FolderToCopy inside it<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\"> <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">cp<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">home<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">FolderToCopy<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">home<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">FolderToPate<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">find<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">full<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">path<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">of<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">file<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">Usefull<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">when<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">want<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">to<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">copy<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">paste<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">file<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">path<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">inside<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">terminal<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">realpath<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">file<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">txt<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  # <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">output<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">home<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">dimitar<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">downloads<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">file<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">txt<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">or<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">readlink<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">f<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">file<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">txt<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> # <\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9\">same<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">as<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> realpath<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Networking Troubleshooting Working with Files<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":150,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/full-width-page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-205","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.twis7.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/205","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.twis7.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.twis7.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.twis7.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.twis7.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=205"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blog.twis7.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/205\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":433,"href":"https:\/\/blog.twis7.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/205\/revisions\/433"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.twis7.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/150"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.twis7.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=205"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}